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How are microchips made? - George Zaidan and Sajan Saini

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TEDEd Animation

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Globally, we produce more than a trillion computer chips every year. Which means about 20 trillion transistors are built every second— and this process is done in fewer than 500 fabrication plants. How do we build so many tiny, intricately-connected devices, so incredibly fast? George Zaidan and Sajan Saini explore how photolithography helps build these devices and its environmental impact.

Additional Resources for you to Explore

Why does it take so long to produce a computer chip? This article explains why it takes three months and 700 steps. This article explains the process and what it is like working in a clean room. For a close up video of a computer chip, layer by layer, try watching this video and this video.

Technological innovation in many fields is driven by the semiconductor industry— here are 10 facts about the industry that you may not know! As scientists attempt to make microelectronics tinier and more efficient, they are working to develop tech as pedestrian as cell phones and as revolutionary as space probes. In a future driven by AI and data, this article says, technology will have to shrink even more.

Finally, to explore photolithography in greater depth and detail, watch this video.

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TED-Ed Animations feature the words and ideas of educators brought to life by professional animators. Are you an educator or animator interested in creating a TED-Ed Animation? Nominate yourself here »

Meet The Creators

  • Educator Sajan Saini , George Zaidan
  • Director Tolga Yıldız, Kozmonot Animation Studio
  • Narrator George Zaidan
  • Music Tolga Yıldız, Kozmonot Animation Studio
  • Sound Designer Tolga Yıldız, Kozmonot Animation Studio
  • Director of Production Gerta Xhelo
  • Produced by Sazia Afrin
  • Editorial Director Alex Rosenthal
  • Fact-Checker Charles Wallace
  • Special Thanks Anuradha Murthy Agarwal

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